The following is not an exhaustive list. Rather, it is a starting point for anyone who wants to study giftedness and gifted people. Even if you directly consult with a specialist, you will find the following books and journals helpful.
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Dr. Ruf's Book
5 Levels of Gifted: School Issues and Educational Options (2005) (formerly titled Losing Our Minds: Gifted Children Left Behind). 5 Levels of Gifted, published by Great Potential Press, combines four years of data gathering from 50 families with nearly 30 years of research and experience in the field of giftedness, individual differences, and high intelligence. The book is aimed primarily at parents and vividly describes the upper 10 to 15 percent of the intellectual continuum in human beings from birth to adulthood as manifested in their behaviors, thoughts, accomplishments, and test scores. She introduces the concept of Levels of Giftedness and makes it very clear how many factors contribute to a person's intellectual levels and achievement.
Learn more, buy now, or order from Great Potential Press.
Books
For Parents
On Specific Issues and Parenting
For Anyone Interested in Knowing More About Giftedness
Journals
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray. The authors use data and research from the previous hundred or more years to detail what intellectual ability is, where it comes from, how mutable it is or is not, and how intellectual level affects a person’s potential outcomes. Fascinating and informative.
Counseling the Gifted and Talented, edited by Linda K. Silverman. A useful and informative textbook about gifted children and their various social, emotional, and academic needs. Numerous authors contributed chapters on issues such as the quest for meaning, a developmental model for counseling, techniques for preventive counseling, family counseling, and more. 
Cradles of Eminence: Childhoods of More than 700 Famous Men and Women (2nd Edition) updated by Ted George Goertzel and Ariel M. W. Hansen. Several truisms that the book reveals are that most subjects strongly disliked school but had families who valued education, most had highly opinionated parents often with a domineering mother, and most grew up “feeling different” from others. Their findings suggest that the assumptions we make about childhood environments require a close and hard look
Creativity in Science: Chance, Logic, Genius, and Zeitgeist, by Dean Keith Simonton.
Dean Simonton provides an answer to the question, “Where do major scientific breakthroughs come from,” by unifying the four perspectives of chance, logic, genius and zeitgeist. In his explanation, chance plays the primary role, but with the significant involvement of the other three. Dr. Ruf highly recommends Simonton’s works because he draws from examples of real people, real geniuses. Although interesting to smart readers of all ages, gifted Dads of gifted kids really enjoy Simonton’s work.
Developing Talent in Young People, edited by Benjamin Bloom. Only available used, the book details the early childhood development and family lives of children who go on to professional, expert levels in music and the arts, athletics, and mathematics and science. Very helpful and eye-opening.
Genius, Creativity, and Leadership: Histriometric Inquiries, by Dean Keith Simonton.
The author examines creators and leaders of history whose impact on their own and later times has been so great that they deserve the label "genius." Simonton believes that if we subject the lives of the eminent to scientific analysis we may be able to discover general laws of history and social behavior. 
Genius Denied: How to Stop Wasting Our Brightest Minds, by Jan and Bob Davidson. A highly readable and important book about some of the most important issues in the field of gifted education today. The authors make a compelling case that schools are not meeting the educational needs of our brightest students, and offer clear recommendations on what we can do about it.
Genius: the Life and Science of Richard Feynman, by James Gleick. The biography of a great American scientist, his humble roots but obvious early precocity. Gives readers a sense about what sorts of things matter in the life of any highly and unusually intelligent person—pretty much what we all need and want!
The Gifted Adult: A Revolutionary Guide to Liberating Everyday Genius, by Mary-Elaine Jacobsen. There are millions of unidentified individuals of high potential lost within the fabric of a society that seems to have issued an edict against knowing oneself, being oneself, and expressing oneself fully. Great book for adults who are just starting to realize they may be gifted.
Gifted Children: Myths and Realities, (1996), by Ellen Winner. The author uses case studies and biological and psychological evidence to explore numerous misconceptions about giftedness; and she looks at the role schools play in fostering—or too often squandering—the abilities of (intellectually and artistically) gifted children. 
Gifted Grownups: The mixed blessings of extraordinary potential, (1999), Marylou Kelly Streznewski. Good grouping of anecdotes on a variety of topics. Ms. Streznewski has captured "the feel" of modern day gifted adults. [She does not have a test and measurement background and erroneously states that one can have a 115 IQ and actually be quite gifted. The test was inadequate for correctly assessing the person. A person who is quite gifted has a higher IQ but may not know precisely what the IQ is.--Dr. Ruf] 
Greatness: Who Makes History and Why by Dean Keith Simonton. The author explores the many aspects of greatness, including intelligence, creativity, leadership, social forces, and more. Essential reading for anyone interested in what makes some people stand out from the rest.
Growing Up Gifted (5th edition paperback or 6th edition hardback), by Barbara Clark. This textbook is the definitive portrait of what high intellectual ability is and where it comes from. Excellent. 
Intellectual Talent: Psychometric and Social Issues, edited by Camilla Persson Benbow and David Lubinski. This book examines the political ramifications of emotionally loaded findings about individual differences—documenting cases in which findings that contradict prevailing social values are simply ignored. The book also explores what is known about educating gifted children and why educators sometimes fail to act on that knowledge.
Mellow Out, They Say. If Only I Could, by Michael Piechowski. This is the long-awaited book from Dr. Piechowski on emotional intelligence. About gifted children and gifted adults.
The long-awaited Templeton Report called A Nation Deceived: How Schools Hold Back America's Brightest Students. Copies of this report are available free. Read it today!
Nature's Gambit: Child Prodigies and the Development of Human Potential by David H. Feldman. The author writes a sensitive and penetrating study of six prodigies that illuminates the nature, development, and possible fates of all human gifts. He emphasizes the important ‘forces of coincidence’ in the lives of any successful person.
Origins of Genius: Darwinian Perspectives on Creativity, by Dean Keith Simonton.
Simonton explores how cultural evolution and environmental influences stimulate the emergence of genius, as well as the links between mental illness and creativity.
The Prodigy: A Biography of William Sidis, America's Greatest Child Prodigy by Amy Wallace. Wallace writes in a straightforward manner about the early precocity and childhood of Sidis, the genius famous for prodigious failure in adulthood, of “burning out.” If you read between the lines, however, you’ll see how Sidis never got the emotional support or understanding he really needed—and neither did his parents.
Understanding Creativity, by Jane Piirto. In this textbook, the author’s descriptions of well-known people in various creative fields—art, music, dance, theater, writing, science, math, business, technology—are fascinating, particularly the predictive behaviors apparent in childhood. She outlines the creative process and theories of how it develops. 
Understanding Those Who Create, by Jane Piirto.
Dr. Piirto illustrates her research regarding creativity and talent development with biographical material and life patterns of the creatively gifted, such as artists, writers, scientists, musicians, entrepreneurs, actors, and dancers. The author also provides ways for parents or educators to enhance and stimulate creativity, particularly in children. 
The War Against Excellence: The Rising Tide of Mediocrity in America's Middle Schools, by Cheri Pierson Yecke. This book explains the extent to which American education has turned "giftedness" from an asset into an embarrassing mark of "elitism." It describes the typical middle school not as an educational institution where children learn important skills and knowledge but as a social engineering vehicle that has put a glass ceiling on student achievement in the name of an equity of mediocrity.
What Could He Be Thinking? How a Man's Mind Really Works, by Michael Gurian. Gurian uses PET scan and MRI brain research and his own years of psychological work with individuals, couples, and families to interpret just how very different the brain chemistry, motivations, and overall thought processes and abilities differ between males and females. Invaluable guide for everyone interested in guiding boys into men and learning how to interpret and communicate with them.
The Wonder of Boys, by Michael Gurian. This book goes into more specific details and suggestions for parents and educators working with boys. They are so different in their needs that one would be remiss not to learn more about it. 
The Wonder of Girls, by Michael Gurian. This book goes into more specific details and suggestions for parents and educators working with girls. 